In the likeness of its solid ramparts, its breathtaking vantage points, and the winding Tagus River, is a rich and vibrant history as complex as its winding city streets.
Walking through its gates in complete ignorance still leaves the traveler with a sense of awe at the sheer weight of the culture and heritage saturating very turn. But, should you make a voyage to this cultural hotspot, here is some background information that provides a deeper appreciation of what you will encounter.
The Romans fortified the city, making it a most important economic and cultural focal point. Afterward, the Visigoths retained the city’s status and named it their capital. In the 8th century, the Moors conquered the Iberian Peninsula bringing about Toledo’s golden age, a rich culture of progress and trade.
The fortified city became one of the few places where Moors, Christians and Jews lived within close proximity of each other in relative harmony. The architectural results of these juxtaposed cultures are what give Toledo its unique charm. It is something you should take note of as you wander. The architectural feats you see of Islamic Spain are from these times. On foot you can visit a Mosque, a church, and a synagogue all in the same day.
Beginning in the 11th century, “Christian” forces started their 750-year quest to take back the Iberian Peninsula. The last Muslims were expelled in 1492. Toledo had become the official residence of Spanish Kings and Queens until the 16th century, when the royal court was moved to Madrid. Toledo slowly moved out of the limelight of power.
From Madrid, it is a quick ride by train to the train station of Toledo. (30 miles) From there, a good one-hour walk uphill will get you to the old city... or you can take a bus or taxi.
There are plenty of sites to see. Here are a few I recommend:
Puerta Bisagra: This was at one time the main entrance into Toledo. You’ll want to see it because it is the only remaining gate in the Moorish style. With good parking and accessible information, this is a good place to start your tour of Toledo.
Alcázar: The prominent castle used by the Romans, Visigoths, Arabs and Christians. It is a beautiful testimony of the talent of the artists and architects who worked together to bring this fortress to life. The castle has been destroyed or damaged a handful of times since the 18th century, the last time as recent as 1936, during the Spanish Civil War. The castle contains a museum dedicated to those who defended it in a 2- month siege during this tumultuous time.